Dat was de snelle definitie. Hier de uitgebreide. In het verleden ben ik wel eens bezig geweest met een vrij te downloaden database die over terrorisme ging: de Global Terrorism Database. Hier stond een, naar mij idee, goede definitie van terrorisme in:
GTD Definition of Terrorism and Inclusion Criteria
The GTD defines a terrorist attack as the threatened or actual use of illegal force and violence by a nonstate actor to attain a political, economic, religious, or social goal through fear, coercion, or
intimidation. In practice this means in order to consider an incident for inclusion in the GTD, all three of
the following attributes must be present:
a. The incident must be intentional – the result of a conscious calculation on the part of a perpetrator.
b. The incident must entail some level of violence or immediate threat of violence -including property violence, as well as violence against people.
c. The perpetrators of the incidents must be sub-national actors. The database does not include acts of state terrorism.
In addition, at least two of the following three criteria must be present for an incident to be included in the GTD:
- Criterion 1: The act must be aimed at attaining a political, economic, religious, or social goal. In
terms of economic goals, the exclusive pursuit of profit does not satisfy this criterion. It must
involve the pursuit of more profound, systemic economic change.
- Criterion 2: There must be evidence of an intention to coerce, intimidate, or convey some other
message to a larger audience (or audiences) than the immediate victims. It is the act taken as a
totality that is considered, irrespective if every individual involved in carrying out the act was aware
of this intention. As long as any of the planners or decision-makers behind the attack intended to
coerce, intimidate or publicize, the intentionality criterion is met.
- Criterion 3: The action must be outside the context of legitimate warfare activities. That is, the
act must be outside the parameters permitted by international humanitarian law, insofar as it
targets non-combatants
Volgens mij voldoet de bestorming van het Amerikaanse Capitool aan alle criteria die hier boven staan. Dit voorval is overigens niet opgenomen in de database, omdat er data is opgenomen van 1970 t/m 2020.
Startpagina database:
https://www.start.umd.edu/gtd/
Bron van de definitie:
https://www.start.umd.edu/gtd/downloads/Codebook.pdf (pagina 11 en 12)
Erg interessant om een idee te krijgen over welke incidenten er bijvoorbeeld in Nederland hebben plaatsgevonden tussen 1970-2020 (177 maar liefst). Welke zou je vooraf kunnen benoemen?
Klik hier om de Nederlandse incidenten te zien:
Terroristische incidenten in Nederland
